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Computer-Assisted Classification Patterns in Autoimmune Diagnostics: The AIDA Project.

Identifieur interne : 000501 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000500; suivant : 000502

Computer-Assisted Classification Patterns in Autoimmune Diagnostics: The AIDA Project.

Auteurs : Amel Benammar Elgaaied [Tunisie] ; Donato Cascio [Italie] ; Salvatore Bruno [Italie] ; Maria Cristina Ciaccio [Italie] ; Marco Cipolla [Italie] ; Alessandro Fauci [Italie] ; Rossella Morgante [Italie] ; Vincenzo Taormina [Italie] ; Yousr Gorgi [Tunisie] ; Raja Marrakchi Triki [Tunisie] ; Melika Ben Ahmed [Tunisie] ; Hechmi Louzir [Tunisie] ; Sadok Yalaoui [Tunisie] ; Sfar Imene [Tunisie] ; Yassine Issaoui [Tunisie] ; Ahmed Abidi [Tunisie] ; Myriam Ammar [Tunisie] ; Walid Bedhiafi [Tunisie] ; Oussama Ben Fraj [Tunisie] ; Rym Bouhaha [Tunisie] ; Khouloud Hamdi [Tunisie] ; Koudhi Soumaya [Tunisie] ; Bilel Neili [Tunisie] ; Gati Asma [Tunisie] ; Mariano Lucchese [Italie] ; Maria Catanzaro [Italie] ; Vincenza Barbara [Italie] ; Ignazio Brusca [Italie] ; Maria Fregapane [Italie] ; Gaetano Amato [Italie] ; Giuseppe Friscia [Italie] ; Trai Neila [Tunisie] ; Souayeh Turkia [Tunisie] ; Haouami Youssra [Tunisie] ; Raja Rekik [Tunisie] ; Hayet Bouokez [Tunisie] ; Maria Vasile Simone [Italie] ; Francesco Fauci [Italie] ; Giuseppe Raso [Italie]

Source :

BioMed research international [ 2314-6141 ] ; 2016.

RBID : pubmed:27042658

Descripteurs français

KwdFr :
- Anticorps antinucléaires (immunologie), Anticorps antinucléaires (isolement et purification), Humains (MeSH), Italie (MeSH), Maladies auto-immunes (anatomopathologie), Maladies auto-immunes (imagerie diagnostique), Maladies auto-immunes (immunologie), Technique d'immunofluorescence indirecte (MeSH), Traitement d'image par ordinateur (méthodes), Tunisie (MeSH).
MESH :
- anatomopathologie : Maladies auto-immunes.
- imagerie diagnostique : Maladies auto-immunes.
- immunologie : Anticorps antinucléaires, Maladies auto-immunes.
- isolement et purification : Anticorps antinucléaires.
- méthodes : Traitement d'image par ordinateur.
- Humains, Italie, Technique d'immunofluorescence indirecte, Tunisie.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Antibodies, Antinuclear (immunology), Antibodies, Antinuclear (isolation & purification), Autoimmune Diseases (diagnostic imaging), Autoimmune Diseases (immunology), Autoimmune Diseases (pathology), Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Image Processing, Computer-Assisted (methods), Italy (MeSH), Tunisia (MeSH).
MESH :
- chemical , immunology : Antibodies, Antinuclear.
- chemical , isolation & purification : Antibodies, Antinuclear.
- diagnostic imaging : Autoimmune Diseases.
- immunology : Autoimmune Diseases.
- methods : Image Processing, Computer-Assisted.
- pathology : Autoimmune Diseases.
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect, Humans, Italy, Tunisia.

Abstract

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) are significant biomarkers in the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases in humans, done by mean of Indirect ImmunoFluorescence (IIF) method, and performed by analyzing patterns and fluorescence intensity. This paper introduces the AIDA Project (autoimmunity: diagnosis assisted by computer) developed in the framework of an Italy-Tunisia cross-border cooperation and its preliminary results. A database of interpreted IIF images is being collected through the exchange of images and double reporting and a Gold Standard database, containing around 1000 double reported images, has been settled. The Gold Standard database is used for optimization of a CAD (Computer Aided Detection) solution and for the assessment of its added value, in order to be applied along with an Immunologist as a second Reader in detection of autoantibodies. This CAD system is able to identify on IIF images the fluorescence intensity and the fluorescence pattern. Preliminary results show that CAD, used as second Reader, appeared to perform better than Junior Immunologists and hence may significantly improve their efficacy; compared with two Junior Immunologists, the CAD system showed higher Intensity Accuracy (85,5% versus 66,0% and 66,0%), higher Patterns Accuracy (79,3% versus 48,0% and 66,2%), and higher Mean Class Accuracy (79,4% versus 56,7% and 64.2%).

DOI: 10.1155/2016/2073076
PubMed: 27042658
PubMed Central: PMC4794569

Affiliations:

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Le document en format XML

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<author><name sortKey="Asma, Gati" sort="Asma, Gati" uniqKey="Asma G" first="Gati" last="Asma">Gati Asma</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Lucchese, Mariano" sort="Lucchese, Mariano" uniqKey="Lucchese M" first="Mariano" last="Lucchese">Mariano Lucchese</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Catanzaro, Maria" sort="Catanzaro, Maria" uniqKey="Catanzaro M" first="Maria" last="Catanzaro">Maria Catanzaro</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Brusca, Ignazio" sort="Brusca, Ignazio" uniqKey="Brusca I" first="Ignazio" last="Brusca">Ignazio Brusca</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Fregapane, Maria" sort="Fregapane, Maria" uniqKey="Fregapane M" first="Maria" last="Fregapane">Maria Fregapane</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Ospedale Buccheri La Ferla Fatebenefratelli, 90123 Palermo, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Ospedale Civico, 90121 Palermo, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ospedale Civico, 90121 Palermo</wicri:regionArea>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ospedale di Sciacca, 92019 Agrigento</wicri:regionArea>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hôpital Charles Nicolle, 1006 Tunis</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Turkia, Souayeh" sort="Turkia, Souayeh" uniqKey="Turkia S" first="Souayeh" last="Turkia">Souayeh Turkia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Hôpital Charles Nicolle, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hôpital Charles Nicolle, 1006 Tunis</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Youssra, Haouami" sort="Youssra, Haouami" uniqKey="Youssra H" first="Haouami" last="Youssra">Haouami Youssra</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Hôpital Charles Nicolle, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hôpital Charles Nicolle, 1006 Tunis</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rekik, Raja" sort="Rekik, Raja" uniqKey="Rekik R" first="Raja" last="Rekik">Raja Rekik</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut Pasteur, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institut Pasteur, 1002 Tunis</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bouokez, Hayet" sort="Bouokez, Hayet" uniqKey="Bouokez H" first="Hayet" last="Bouokez">Hayet Bouokez</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hôpital Ariana, 2080 Tunis</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vasile Simone, Maria" sort="Vasile Simone, Maria" uniqKey="Vasile Simone M" first="Maria" last="Vasile Simone">Maria Vasile Simone</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>CyclopusCAD srl, 90128 Palermo, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CyclopusCAD srl, 90128 Palermo</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fauci, Francesco" sort="Fauci, Francesco" uniqKey="Fauci F" first="Francesco" last="Fauci">Francesco Fauci</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>CyclopusCAD srl, 90128 Palermo, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CyclopusCAD srl, 90128 Palermo</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Raso, Giuseppe" sort="Raso, Giuseppe" uniqKey="Raso G" first="Giuseppe" last="Raso">Giuseppe Raso</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Computer-Assisted Classification Patterns in Autoimmune Diagnostics: The AIDA Project.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Benammar Elgaaied, Amel" sort="Benammar Elgaaied, Amel" uniqKey="Benammar Elgaaied A" first="Amel" last="Benammar Elgaaied">Amel Benammar Elgaaied</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis, Tunisia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
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</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Tunis - El Manar</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cascio, Donato" sort="Cascio, Donato" uniqKey="Cascio D" first="Donato" last="Cascio">Donato Cascio</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bruno, Salvatore" sort="Bruno, Salvatore" uniqKey="Bruno S" first="Salvatore" last="Bruno">Salvatore Bruno</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Ciaccio, Maria Cristina" sort="Ciaccio, Maria Cristina" uniqKey="Ciaccio M" first="Maria Cristina" last="Ciaccio">Maria Cristina Ciaccio</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo</wicri:regionArea>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cipolla, Marco" sort="Cipolla, Marco" uniqKey="Cipolla M" first="Marco" last="Cipolla">Marco Cipolla</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Palerme</orgName>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fauci, Alessandro" sort="Fauci, Alessandro" uniqKey="Fauci A" first="Alessandro" last="Fauci">Alessandro Fauci</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Palerme</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Palerme</settlement>
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</placeName>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morgante, Rossella" sort="Morgante, Rossella" uniqKey="Morgante R" first="Rossella" last="Morgante">Rossella Morgante</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Palerme</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Palerme</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Sicile</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taormina, Vincenzo" sort="Taormina, Vincenzo" uniqKey="Taormina V" first="Vincenzo" last="Taormina">Vincenzo Taormina</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Palerme</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Palerme</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Sicile</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gorgi, Yousr" sort="Gorgi, Yousr" uniqKey="Gorgi Y" first="Yousr" last="Gorgi">Yousr Gorgi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Hôpital Charles Nicolle, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hôpital Charles Nicolle, 1006 Tunis</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marrakchi Triki, Raja" sort="Marrakchi Triki, Raja" uniqKey="Marrakchi Triki R" first="Raja" last="Marrakchi Triki">Raja Marrakchi Triki</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis, Tunisia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Tunis - El Manar</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ben Ahmed, Melika" sort="Ben Ahmed, Melika" uniqKey="Ben Ahmed M" first="Melika" last="Ben Ahmed">Melika Ben Ahmed</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institut Pasteur, 1002 Tunis</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Louzir, Hechmi" sort="Louzir, Hechmi" uniqKey="Louzir H" first="Hechmi" last="Louzir">Hechmi Louzir</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut Pasteur, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institut Pasteur, 1002 Tunis</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yalaoui, Sadok" sort="Yalaoui, Sadok" uniqKey="Yalaoui S" first="Sadok" last="Yalaoui">Sadok Yalaoui</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Hôpital Ariana, 2080 Tunis, Tunisia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hôpital Ariana, 2080 Tunis</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Imene, Sfar" sort="Imene, Sfar" uniqKey="Imene S" first="Sfar" last="Imene">Sfar Imene</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Hôpital Charles Nicolle, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hôpital Charles Nicolle, 1006 Tunis</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Issaoui, Yassine" sort="Issaoui, Yassine" uniqKey="Issaoui Y" first="Yassine" last="Issaoui">Yassine Issaoui</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Tunis - El Manar</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abidi, Ahmed" sort="Abidi, Ahmed" uniqKey="Abidi A" first="Ahmed" last="Abidi">Ahmed Abidi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis, Tunisia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
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</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Tunis - El Manar</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ammar, Myriam" sort="Ammar, Myriam" uniqKey="Ammar M" first="Myriam" last="Ammar">Myriam Ammar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis, Tunisia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
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</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Tunis - El Manar</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bedhiafi, Walid" sort="Bedhiafi, Walid" uniqKey="Bedhiafi W" first="Walid" last="Bedhiafi">Walid Bedhiafi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis, Tunisia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
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<orgName type="university">Université de Tunis - El Manar</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ben Fraj, Oussama" sort="Ben Fraj, Oussama" uniqKey="Ben Fraj O" first="Oussama" last="Ben Fraj">Oussama Ben Fraj</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis, Tunisia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Tunis - El Manar</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bouhaha, Rym" sort="Bouhaha, Rym" uniqKey="Bouhaha R" first="Rym" last="Bouhaha">Rym Bouhaha</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis, Tunisia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
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<orgName type="university">Université de Tunis - El Manar</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hamdi, Khouloud" sort="Hamdi, Khouloud" uniqKey="Hamdi K" first="Khouloud" last="Hamdi">Khouloud Hamdi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis, Tunisia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
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</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Tunis - El Manar</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Soumaya, Koudhi" sort="Soumaya, Koudhi" uniqKey="Soumaya K" first="Koudhi" last="Soumaya">Koudhi Soumaya</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Tunis - El Manar</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Neili, Bilel" sort="Neili, Bilel" uniqKey="Neili B" first="Bilel" last="Neili">Bilel Neili</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis, Tunisia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
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</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Tunis - El Manar</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Asma, Gati" sort="Asma, Gati" uniqKey="Asma G" first="Gati" last="Asma">Gati Asma</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis, Tunisia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Tunis - El Manar</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lucchese, Mariano" sort="Lucchese, Mariano" uniqKey="Lucchese M" first="Mariano" last="Lucchese">Mariano Lucchese</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, 91016 Trapani, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, 91016 Trapani</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>91016 Trapani</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Catanzaro, Maria" sort="Catanzaro, Maria" uniqKey="Catanzaro M" first="Maria" last="Catanzaro">Maria Catanzaro</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, 91016 Trapani, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, 91016 Trapani</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>91016 Trapani</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barbara, Vincenza" sort="Barbara, Vincenza" uniqKey="Barbara V" first="Vincenza" last="Barbara">Vincenza Barbara</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, 91016 Trapani, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, 91016 Trapani</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>91016 Trapani</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brusca, Ignazio" sort="Brusca, Ignazio" uniqKey="Brusca I" first="Ignazio" last="Brusca">Ignazio Brusca</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Ospedale Buccheri La Ferla Fatebenefratelli, 90123 Palermo, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ospedale Buccheri La Ferla Fatebenefratelli, 90123 Palermo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>90123 Palermo</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fregapane, Maria" sort="Fregapane, Maria" uniqKey="Fregapane M" first="Maria" last="Fregapane">Maria Fregapane</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Ospedale Buccheri La Ferla Fatebenefratelli, 90123 Palermo, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ospedale Buccheri La Ferla Fatebenefratelli, 90123 Palermo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>90123 Palermo</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Amato, Gaetano" sort="Amato, Gaetano" uniqKey="Amato G" first="Gaetano" last="Amato">Gaetano Amato</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Ospedale Civico, 90121 Palermo, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ospedale Civico, 90121 Palermo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>90121 Palermo</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Friscia, Giuseppe" sort="Friscia, Giuseppe" uniqKey="Friscia G" first="Giuseppe" last="Friscia">Giuseppe Friscia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Ospedale di Sciacca, 92019 Agrigento, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ospedale di Sciacca, 92019 Agrigento</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>92019 Agrigento</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Neila, Trai" sort="Neila, Trai" uniqKey="Neila T" first="Trai" last="Neila">Trai Neila</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Hôpital Charles Nicolle, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hôpital Charles Nicolle, 1006 Tunis</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Turkia, Souayeh" sort="Turkia, Souayeh" uniqKey="Turkia S" first="Souayeh" last="Turkia">Souayeh Turkia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Hôpital Charles Nicolle, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hôpital Charles Nicolle, 1006 Tunis</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Youssra, Haouami" sort="Youssra, Haouami" uniqKey="Youssra H" first="Haouami" last="Youssra">Haouami Youssra</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Hôpital Charles Nicolle, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hôpital Charles Nicolle, 1006 Tunis</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rekik, Raja" sort="Rekik, Raja" uniqKey="Rekik R" first="Raja" last="Rekik">Raja Rekik</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut Pasteur, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institut Pasteur, 1002 Tunis</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bouokez, Hayet" sort="Bouokez, Hayet" uniqKey="Bouokez H" first="Hayet" last="Bouokez">Hayet Bouokez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Hôpital Ariana, 2080 Tunis, Tunisia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hôpital Ariana, 2080 Tunis</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Tunis</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Gouvernorat de Tunis</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vasile Simone, Maria" sort="Vasile Simone, Maria" uniqKey="Vasile Simone M" first="Maria" last="Vasile Simone">Maria Vasile Simone</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>CyclopusCAD srl, 90128 Palermo, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CyclopusCAD srl, 90128 Palermo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>90128 Palermo</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fauci, Francesco" sort="Fauci, Francesco" uniqKey="Fauci F" first="Francesco" last="Fauci">Francesco Fauci</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>CyclopusCAD srl, 90128 Palermo, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CyclopusCAD srl, 90128 Palermo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>90128 Palermo</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Raso, Giuseppe" sort="Raso, Giuseppe" uniqKey="Raso G" first="Giuseppe" last="Raso">Giuseppe Raso</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Palerme</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Palerme</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Sicile</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">BioMed research international</title>
<idno type="eISSN">2314-6141</idno>
<imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Antibodies, Antinuclear (immunology)</term>
<term>Antibodies, Antinuclear (isolation & purification)</term>
<term>Autoimmune Diseases (diagnostic imaging)</term>
<term>Autoimmune Diseases (immunology)</term>
<term>Autoimmune Diseases (pathology)</term>
<term>Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect (MeSH)</term>
<term>Humans (MeSH)</term>
<term>Image Processing, Computer-Assisted (methods)</term>
<term>Italy (MeSH)</term>
<term>Tunisia (MeSH)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Anticorps antinucléaires (immunologie)</term>
<term>Anticorps antinucléaires (isolement et purification)</term>
<term>Humains (MeSH)</term>
<term>Italie (MeSH)</term>
<term>Maladies auto-immunes (anatomopathologie)</term>
<term>Maladies auto-immunes (imagerie diagnostique)</term>
<term>Maladies auto-immunes (immunologie)</term>
<term>Technique d'immunofluorescence indirecte (MeSH)</term>
<term>Traitement d'image par ordinateur (méthodes)</term>
<term>Tunisie (MeSH)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Antibodies, Antinuclear</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Antibodies, Antinuclear</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="anatomopathologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Maladies auto-immunes</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnostic imaging" xml:lang="en"><term>Autoimmune Diseases</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="imagerie diagnostique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Maladies auto-immunes</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Anticorps antinucléaires</term>
<term>Maladies auto-immunes</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Autoimmune Diseases</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolement et purification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Anticorps antinucléaires</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Image Processing, Computer-Assisted</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="méthodes" xml:lang="fr"><term>Traitement d'image par ordinateur</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Autoimmune Diseases</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Italy</term>
<term>Tunisia</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Humains</term>
<term>Italie</term>
<term>Technique d'immunofluorescence indirecte</term>
<term>Tunisie</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) are significant biomarkers in the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases in humans, done by mean of Indirect ImmunoFluorescence (IIF) method, and performed by analyzing patterns and fluorescence intensity. This paper introduces the AIDA Project (autoimmunity: diagnosis assisted by computer) developed in the framework of an Italy-Tunisia cross-border cooperation and its preliminary results. A database of interpreted IIF images is being collected through the exchange of images and double reporting and a Gold Standard database, containing around 1000 double reported images, has been settled. The Gold Standard database is used for optimization of a CAD (Computer Aided Detection) solution and for the assessment of its added value, in order to be applied along with an Immunologist as a second Reader in detection of autoantibodies. This CAD system is able to identify on IIF images the fluorescence intensity and the fluorescence pattern. Preliminary results show that CAD, used as second Reader, appeared to perform better than Junior Immunologists and hence may significantly improve their efficacy; compared with two Junior Immunologists, the CAD system showed higher Intensity Accuracy (85,5% versus 66,0% and 66,0%), higher Patterns Accuracy (79,3% versus 48,0% and 66,2%), and higher Mean Class Accuracy (79,4% versus 56,7% and 64.2%). </div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">27042658</PMID>
<DateCompleted><Year>2016</Year>
<Month>12</Month>
<Day>13</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2018</Year>
<Month>11</Month>
<Day>13</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2314-6141</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>2016</Volume>
<PubDate><Year>2016</Year>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>BioMed research international</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Biomed Res Int</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Computer-Assisted Classification Patterns in Autoimmune Diagnostics: The AIDA Project.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>2073076</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1155/2016/2073076</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText>Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) are significant biomarkers in the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases in humans, done by mean of Indirect ImmunoFluorescence (IIF) method, and performed by analyzing patterns and fluorescence intensity. This paper introduces the AIDA Project (autoimmunity: diagnosis assisted by computer) developed in the framework of an Italy-Tunisia cross-border cooperation and its preliminary results. A database of interpreted IIF images is being collected through the exchange of images and double reporting and a Gold Standard database, containing around 1000 double reported images, has been settled. The Gold Standard database is used for optimization of a CAD (Computer Aided Detection) solution and for the assessment of its added value, in order to be applied along with an Immunologist as a second Reader in detection of autoantibodies. This CAD system is able to identify on IIF images the fluorescence intensity and the fluorescence pattern. Preliminary results show that CAD, used as second Reader, appeared to perform better than Junior Immunologists and hence may significantly improve their efficacy; compared with two Junior Immunologists, the CAD system showed higher Intensity Accuracy (85,5% versus 66,0% and 66,0%), higher Patterns Accuracy (79,3% versus 48,0% and 66,2%), and higher Mean Class Accuracy (79,4% versus 56,7% and 64.2%). </AbstractText>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Benammar Elgaaied</LastName>
<ForeName>Amel</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis, Tunisia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cascio</LastName>
<ForeName>Donato</ForeName>
<Initials>D</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bruno</LastName>
<ForeName>Salvatore</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ciaccio</LastName>
<ForeName>Maria Cristina</ForeName>
<Initials>MC</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cipolla</LastName>
<ForeName>Marco</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fauci</LastName>
<ForeName>Alessandro</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Morgante</LastName>
<ForeName>Rossella</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Taormina</LastName>
<ForeName>Vincenzo</ForeName>
<Initials>V</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gorgi</LastName>
<ForeName>Yousr</ForeName>
<Initials>Y</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Hôpital Charles Nicolle, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Marrakchi Triki</LastName>
<ForeName>Raja</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis, Tunisia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ben Ahmed</LastName>
<ForeName>Melika</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut Pasteur, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Louzir</LastName>
<ForeName>Hechmi</ForeName>
<Initials>H</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut Pasteur, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yalaoui</LastName>
<ForeName>Sadok</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Hôpital Ariana, 2080 Tunis, Tunisia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Imene</LastName>
<ForeName>Sfar</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Hôpital Charles Nicolle, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Issaoui</LastName>
<ForeName>Yassine</ForeName>
<Initials>Y</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis, Tunisia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Abidi</LastName>
<ForeName>Ahmed</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis, Tunisia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ammar</LastName>
<ForeName>Myriam</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis, Tunisia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bedhiafi</LastName>
<ForeName>Walid</ForeName>
<Initials>W</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis, Tunisia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ben Fraj</LastName>
<ForeName>Oussama</ForeName>
<Initials>O</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis, Tunisia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bouhaha</LastName>
<ForeName>Rym</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis, Tunisia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hamdi</LastName>
<ForeName>Khouloud</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis, Tunisia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Soumaya</LastName>
<ForeName>Koudhi</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis, Tunisia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Neili</LastName>
<ForeName>Bilel</ForeName>
<Initials>B</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis, Tunisia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Asma</LastName>
<ForeName>Gati</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tunis El Manar, 1088 Tunis, Tunisia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lucchese</LastName>
<ForeName>Mariano</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, 91016 Trapani, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Catanzaro</LastName>
<ForeName>Maria</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, 91016 Trapani, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Barbara</LastName>
<ForeName>Vincenza</ForeName>
<Initials>V</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ospedale S. Antonio Abate, 91016 Trapani, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brusca</LastName>
<ForeName>Ignazio</ForeName>
<Initials>I</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ospedale Buccheri La Ferla Fatebenefratelli, 90123 Palermo, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fregapane</LastName>
<ForeName>Maria</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ospedale Buccheri La Ferla Fatebenefratelli, 90123 Palermo, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Amato</LastName>
<ForeName>Gaetano</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ospedale Civico, 90121 Palermo, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Friscia</LastName>
<ForeName>Giuseppe</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ospedale di Sciacca, 92019 Agrigento, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Neila</LastName>
<ForeName>Trai</ForeName>
<Initials>T</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Hôpital Charles Nicolle, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Turkia</LastName>
<ForeName>Souayeh</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Hôpital Charles Nicolle, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Youssra</LastName>
<ForeName>Haouami</ForeName>
<Initials>H</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Hôpital Charles Nicolle, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rekik</LastName>
<ForeName>Raja</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut Pasteur, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bouokez</LastName>
<ForeName>Hayet</ForeName>
<Initials>H</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Hôpital Ariana, 2080 Tunis, Tunisia.</Affiliation>
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<Month>11</Month>
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<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1155/2016/2073076</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC4794569</ArticleId>
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<li>Sicile</li>
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<settlement><li>Palerme</li>
<li>Tunis</li>
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<orgName><li>Université de Palerme</li>
<li>Université de Tunis - El Manar</li>
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<tree><country name="Tunisie"><region name="Gouvernorat de Tunis"><name sortKey="Benammar Elgaaied, Amel" sort="Benammar Elgaaied, Amel" uniqKey="Benammar Elgaaied A" first="Amel" last="Benammar Elgaaied">Amel Benammar Elgaaied</name>
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<name sortKey="Barbara, Vincenza" sort="Barbara, Vincenza" uniqKey="Barbara V" first="Vincenza" last="Barbara">Vincenza Barbara</name>
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<name sortKey="Catanzaro, Maria" sort="Catanzaro, Maria" uniqKey="Catanzaro M" first="Maria" last="Catanzaro">Maria Catanzaro</name>
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<name sortKey="Taormina, Vincenzo" sort="Taormina, Vincenzo" uniqKey="Taormina V" first="Vincenzo" last="Taormina">Vincenzo Taormina</name>
<name sortKey="Vasile Simone, Maria" sort="Vasile Simone, Maria" uniqKey="Vasile Simone M" first="Maria" last="Vasile Simone">Maria Vasile Simone</name>
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Computer-Assisted Classification Patterns in Autoimmune Diagnostics: The AIDA Project.

Computer-Assisted Classification Patterns in Autoimmune Diagnostics: The AIDA Project.

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